User's Guide
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orber
User's Guide
Version 3.6.15

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Chapters

- The Orber Application
  - Top of chapter
  - Content Overview
  - Brief Description of the User's Guide
- Introduction to Orber
  - Top of chapter
  - Overview
- The Orber Application
  - Top of chapter
  - ORB Kernel and IIOP
  - The Object Request Broker (ORB)
  - Internet Inter-Object Protocol (IIOP)
- Interface Repository
  - Top of chapter
  - Interface Repository(IFR)
- Installing Orber
  - Top of chapter
  - Installation Process
  - Configuration
  - Firewall Configuration
  - Interface Configuration
- OMG IDL to Erlang Mapping
  - Top of chapter
  - OMG IDL to Erlang Mapping - Overview
  - OMG IDL Mapping Elements
  - Getting Started
  - Basic OMG IDL Types
  - Template OMG IDL Types and Complex Declarators
  - Constructed OMG IDL Types
  - Scoped Names and Generated Files
  - Typecode, Identity and Name Access Functions
  - References to Constants
  - References to Objects Defined in OMG IDL
  - Exceptions
  - Access to Attributes
  - Invocations of Operations
  - Implementing the DB Application
  - Reserved Compiler Names and Keywords
  - Type Code Representation
- CosNaming Service
  - Top of chapter
  - Overview of the CosNaming Service
  - The Basic Use-cases of the Naming Service
  - Interoperable Naming Service
- How to use security in Orber
  - Top of chapter
  - Security in Orber
- Orber Stubs/Skeletons
  - Top of chapter
  - Orber Stubs and Skeletons Description
- CORBA System and User Defined Exceptions
  - Top of chapter
  - System Exceptions
  - User Defined Exceptions
  - Throwing Exceptions
  - Catching Exceptions
- Orber Interceptors
  - Top of chapter
  - Using Interceptors
  - Interceptor Example
- OrberWeb
  - Top of chapter
  - Using OrberWeb
  - Starting OrberWeb
- Debugging
  - Top of chapter
  - Tools and FAQ

# 3 The Orber Application

### 3.1 ORB Kernel and IIOP

This chapter gives a brief overview of the ORB and its relation to objects in a distributed environment and the usage of Domains in Orber. Also Internet-Inter ORB Protocol (IIOP) is discussed and how this protocol facilitates communication between ORBs to allow the accessory of persistent server objects in Erlang.

### 3.2 The Object Request Broker (ORB)

An ORB kernel can be best described as the middle-ware, which creates relationships between clients and servers, but is defined by its interfaces. This allows transparency for the user, as they do not have to be aware of where the requested object is located. Thus, the programmer can work with any other platform provided that an IDL mapping and interfaces exist.

The IDL mapping which is described in a later chapter is the translator between other platforms, and languages. However, it is the ORB, which provides objects with a structure by which they can communicate with other objects.

ORBs intercept and direct messages from one object, pass this message using IIOP to another ORB, which then directs the message to the indicated object.

An ORB is the base on which interfaces, communication stubs and mapping can be built to enable communication between objects. Orber uses domainsto group objects of different nodes

How the ORB provides communication is shown very simply in figure 1 below:

Figure 3.1: Figure 1: How the Object Request Broker works.

The domain in Orber gives an extra aspect to the distributed object environment as each domain has one ORB, but it is distributed over a number of object in different nodes. The domain binds objects on nodes more closely than distributed objects in different domains. The advantage of a domain is that a faster communication exists between nodes and objects of the same domain. An internal communication protocol (other than IIOP) allows a more efficient communication between these objects.

Note

Unlike objects, domains can only have one name so that no communication ambiguities exist between domains.

### 3.3 Internet Inter-Object Protocol (IIOP)

IIOP is a communication protocol developed by the OMG to facilitate communication in a distributed object-oriented environment.

Figure 2 below demonstrates how IIOP works between objects:

Figure 3.2: Figure 2: IIOP communication between domains and objects.
Note

Within the Orber domains the objects communicate without using the IIOP. However, the user is unaware of the difference in protocols, as this difference is not visible.